What factor can significantly influence a service member's body fat percentage besides diet and exercise?

The correct answer is metabolism, as it plays a crucial role in determining body fat percentage beyond just diet and exercise. Metabolism refers to the biochemical processes that convert food into energy and the rate at which this occurs in the body. A higher metabolism generally means that the body burns calories more efficiently, which can lead to lower body fat percentages if caloric intake remains the same.

Individuals with a faster metabolism may find it easier to maintain a healthy weight or lose weight compared to those with a slower metabolism. This difference can be influenced by various factors, including muscle mass – as muscle burns more calories than fat – hormonal balance, and even age. Therefore, understanding metabolism is essential when assessing body composition, as it highlights why some service members may struggle with body fat percentage despite following recommended dietary and exercise practices.

While factors like height, sleep, and genetics can also influence body composition, metabolism directly impacts the way calories are utilized in the body, making it a key factor to consider in this context.